What is viral conjunctivitis? – This is an inflammatory reaction affecting the eyes which is self-limiting (i. e. resolves on its own). It is caused by viruses of different types such as adenovirus (most common), herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), pox virus, varicella-zoster virus etc. 

Who can be infected with viral conjunctivitis?

Humans of all ages (from infancy to elderly) and races can be infected. 

How long does viral conjunctivitis last?

It may last between 2 and 4 weeks. It usually resolves on its own.

How does it spread?

Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious. It remains so for at least 10-12 days or for as long as the eyes remain red. It spreads by touching the eyes with hands, towel or other materials contaminated by the virus. Hands may get contaminated by touching infected eye, through handshake with an infected person whose hands are contaminated with the virus. Other materials can get contaminated by touching them with contaminated hands or using them to clean the infected eyes. It can also spread by contact with contaminated droplets from the respiratory tract (through coughing).

How does viral conjunctivitis manifest?

Viral conjunctivitis may manifest as:

1. Redness of the eyes
2. Spontaneous tearing
3. Itching of the eyes
4. Discharge from the eyes, sometimes causing the upper and lower eyelids to mat together
5. Light sensitivity (difficulty in looking at bright light)

Treatment for viral conjunctivitis

Since the infection is self-limiting, treatment for it is largely supportive.  These include:

1. Use of cold compresses – helps to slow down inflammatory reaction
2. Use of lubricant – ensures eye comfort from dryness 
3. Topical antihistamins – relieves from itching (especially when severe)
4. Antibiotic eye drops – may be used to prevent superimposed bacterial infection in those who are susceptible to it (such as immunicompromised patients e.g. HIV patients)
5. Antiviral eye drops – may be useful in some patients to terminate or restrict viral growth / replication and thereby limit the duration of the disease

Prevention of viral conjunctivitis

Since viral conjunctivitis is contracted by contact, it can be prevented by limiting contact of contaminated hands or materials with the eyes. This can be done by:

1. Frequent washing of the hands
2. Avoid touching the infected eye and contralateral eye
3. Avoid contact with an infected person such as shaking hands, sharing towels
4. Restrict infected persons from crowded places like schools, workplace, markets etc